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Geographical representation is also taken into consideration."},"ceterms:jurisdiction":[{"@type":"ceterms:JurisdictionProfile","ceterms:description":{"en-US":"This credential is available throughout North America."},"ceterms:mainJurisdiction":[{"@type":"ceterms:Place","ceterms:geoURI":"http://geonames.org/6255149/","ceterms:latitude":46.07323,"ceterms:longitude":-100.54688}],"ceterms:globalJurisdiction":false}],"ceterms:dateEffective":"2012-09-01","ceterms:processMethod":"https://nocti.org/services/custom-development/","ceterms:subjectWebpage":"https://www.nocti.org/services/custom-development/","ceterms:processingAgent":["https://credentialengineregistry.org/resources/ce-a7f6202e-070b-462c-ab05-e5dc1d9f21f9"],"ceterms:processFrequency":{"en-US":"New development occurs on an as needed basis."},"ceterms:processStandards":"https://www.aera.net/Publications/Books/Standards-for-Educational-Psychological-Testing-2014-Edition","ceterms:targetAssessment":["https://credentialengineregistry.org/resources/ce-8175e1e8-26a0-49ab-ba4b-5c76d6cdd7c1"],"ceterms:externalInputType":[{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Business","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Business"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by business."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:BusinessAssociation","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Business or Industry Association"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by business or industry association."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:EducationAdministrators","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Education Administrators"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by education administrators."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Governments","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Governments"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by government."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Practitioners","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Practitioners"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by practitioners."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Associations","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Professional Associations"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by professional associations."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Experts","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Subject Matter Experts"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by subject matter experts."}}],"ceterms:scoringMethodExample":"https://nocti.org/services/reporting-and-data/","ceterms:processMethodDescription":{"en-US":"If a current and complete nationally validated task list is not available for an occupation, a job and task analysis is performed and validated by the committee.  The resulting critical core competencies, tasks and steps are then ranked and quantified to create a blueprint for the assessment being developed.  Once the blueprint is developed, written test questions and performance test jobs are developed or revised to reflect the stated specifications.  Committee members are asked to determine which critical core competencies are best illustrated on the written and performance portions of the test and which can effectively be measured on both components.\n\nNBS staff provides each committee member with all appropriate test-related materials.  In addition, all appropriate related supportive curriculum materials as well as item writing guidelines are provided.   Assessments are developed in accordance with the committee's established blueprint and recommendations.  NBS staff provides available relevant test items to the committee members from the NBS item bank.\n\nOnce the draft test is assembled, a bias review is performed on all items/jobs in the new test and appropriate revisions are made.\n\nEach NBS written test is subjected to a readability analysis to ensure the test parallels, but does not exceed, the reading level required in the industry. \n\nThe new assessment is pilot tested on a sample of individuals to ensure times/job criteria on the performance test are appropriate and to determine that items on the written test are functioning properly.  The sample includes representation from various areas of the country.  The results of the pilot tests are compiled and analyzed through an item analysis.  The results of the item analysis indicate item difficulty and discrimination, mean, standard deviation, range of scores, Kuder-Richardson 20 or Cronbach's Alpha reliability index, and the standard error of measurement.\n\nNBS provides clients with a variety of cut score options.  NBS provides normative data that may be used as a benchmark as well as criterion-referenced cut scores for each of its job ready assessments.  Clients also have the option of setting their own cut scores on the assessments."},"ceterms:scoringMethodDescription":{"en-US":"Written assessments consist of a multiple-choice format with four options per item and one correct answer.   Some items may contain graphics that must be referred to in order to answer an item.  Others may provide a scenario to assist in selecting the correct answer.  \n\nEach multiple-choice item is worth one point.  If an individual answers an item correctly, one point is given.  If an individual answers an item incorrectly, no points are given.  All items that are not answered are counted as incorrect.  Scores are calculated by standard area and by total.  Standard scores are determined by dividing the number of questions answered correctly by the number possible within the standard.  Standard scores are considered weighted because each standard does not contain the same number of questions.  Scores are represented by percentages.  A total score is calculated by dividing the total number of questions answered correctly across all standard areas by the total number of points possible across standard areas.\n\nPerformance assessments consist of a series of tasks that make up a job. Individuals are required to complete jobs based on instructions provided.  Individual performance is rated by evaluators using specific criteria provided in the assessment's evaluator guide. The evaluator selects the rating that best defines the work being completed.\n\nPerformance scores are based on independent third-party evaluators who are recruited by each of the testing locations.  Each standard within the performance test is considered to be a job. Jobs within the performance assessment consist of tasks normally performed in that occupation. Each task has a point value assigned to it. The point value is determined by the committee of subject matter experts who developed the assessment and indicates the level of criticality of that task. The sum of the point values for each task provides a total number of points possible for a job.  The test taker's methods and adeptness of delivery (process) as well as the finished project (product) are evaluated."},"ceterms:processStandardsDescription":{"en-US":"The Testing Standards are a product of the American Educational Research Association, the American Psychological Association (APA), and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME). Published collaboratively by the three organizations since 1966, it represents the gold standard in guidance on testing in the United States and in many other countries."},"ceterms:verificationMethodDescription":{"en-US":"A key strength of all NBS assessments concerns content validity. That validity is based upon the fact that each assessment is built upon national/industry standards and reflects the critical core competencies required in the occupation as reflected in associated job-task analyses performed during the development/revision process. Since NBS's assessment development methods rely on subject matter experts to assess the relationship between the assessment content and the defined universe of the job title, NBS assessments are a content valid measure of the required skills in a given job title. The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) state that content-related evidence demonstrates the degree to which the sample of items, tasks, or questions on a test are representative of some defined universe or domain of content. The methods often rely on expert judgments to assess this relationship. Thus, the content validity of NBS Assessments is in accordance with the Standards endorsed by the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).\n\nThe reliability of an assessment refers to its consistency of measurement (i.e., the absence of measurement errors). NBS works to ensure that all of the assessments that we create have a stable and consistent performance of measurement. One approach used to demonstrate that an assessment is providing a reliable measurement of participant skill and/or knowledge is internal consistency. This measure is often used with written (cognitive) assessments and is calculated using a statistical software package such as SPSS or item analysis programs; NBS utilizes both types of programs.  The higher the internal consistency the more reliable the assessment.\n\nInter-rater reliability for the performance test is assessed by having two evaluators independently score the same individual on the same performance test. If significant differences are determined, the score criteria of the performance test will be re-defined and strengthened to eliminate scoring differences and to ensure inter-rater reliability."},"ceterms:scoringMethodExampleDescription":{"en-US":"NBS's standard score report package includes individual, group, and comparative reports. Along with total scores, the sub-scores included in the report assist in easily identifying student and program gains as well as areas for improvement."}}],"ceterms:maintenanceProcess":[{"@type":"ceterms:ProcessProfile","ceterms:description":{"en-US":"Advancements in technology, coupled with changes in occupational practices, result in the need to periodically review and update NBS assessments.  Assessments are selected for revision based on a rotation schedule, comments received from users, and on changes in the occupation.  When NBS determines that an assessment must be revised, a revision committee is convened with the same representation of content experts as the test development committees.  The revision committee re-evaluates the assessment and changes are made as recommended.  \n\nUser comments on assessments are reviewed, sent to subject matter experts if appropriate, and resolved on an ongoing basis.  Minor changes that do not affect the content or scoring rubric of the test are made between revision cycles; major changes are addressed during the revision process which typically occurs every three years."},"ceterms:jurisdiction":[{"@type":"ceterms:JurisdictionProfile","ceterms:description":{"en-US":"This credential is available throughout North America."},"ceterms:mainJurisdiction":[{"@type":"ceterms:Place","ceterms:geoURI":"http://geonames.org/6255149/","ceterms:latitude":46.07323,"ceterms:longitude":-100.54688}],"ceterms:globalJurisdiction":false}],"ceterms:dateEffective":"2012-09-01","ceterms:processMethod":"https://nocti.org/services/custom-development/","ceterms:subjectWebpage":"https://www.nocti.org/services/custom-development/","ceterms:processingAgent":["https://credentialengineregistry.org/resources/ce-a7f6202e-070b-462c-ab05-e5dc1d9f21f9"],"ceterms:processFrequency":{"en-US":"In general, assessment revision occurs every two to three years."},"ceterms:processStandards":"https://www.aera.net/Publications/Books/Standards-for-Educational-Psychological-Testing-2014-Edition","ceterms:targetAssessment":["https://credentialengineregistry.org/resources/ce-8175e1e8-26a0-49ab-ba4b-5c76d6cdd7c1"],"ceterms:externalInputType":[{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Business","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Business"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by business."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:BusinessAssociation","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Business or Industry Association"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by business or industry association."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:EducationAdministrators","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Education Administrators"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by education administrators."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Governments","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Governments"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by government."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Practitioners","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Practitioners"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by practitioners."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Associations","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Professional Associations"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by professional associations."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Experts","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Subject Matter Experts"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by subject matter experts."}}],"ceterms:scoringMethodExample":"https://nocti.org/services/reporting-and-data/","ceterms:processMethodDescription":{"en-US":"If a current and complete nationally validated task list is not available for an occupation, a job and task analysis is performed and validated by the committee.  The resulting critical core competencies, tasks and steps are then ranked and quantified to create a blueprint for the assessment being developed.  Once the blueprint is developed, written test questions and performance test jobs are developed or revised to reflect the stated specifications.  Committee members are asked to determine which critical core competencies are best illustrated on the written and performance portions of the test and which can effectively be measured on both components.\n\nNBS staff provides each committee member with all appropriate test-related materials.  In addition, all appropriate related supportive curriculum materials as well as item writing guidelines are provided.   Assessments are developed in accordance with the committee's established blueprint and recommendations.  NBS staff provides available relevant test items to the committee members from the NBS item bank.\n\nOnce the draft test is assembled, a bias review is performed on all items/jobs in the new test and appropriate revisions are made.\n\nEach NBS written test is subjected to a readability analysis to ensure the test parallels, but does not exceed, the reading level required in the industry. \n\nThe new assessment is pilot tested on a sample of individuals to ensure times/job criteria on the performance test are appropriate and to determine that items on the written test are functioning properly.  The sample includes representation from various areas of the country.  The results of the pilot tests are compiled and analyzed through an item analysis.  The results of the item analysis indicate item difficulty and discrimination, mean, standard deviation, range of scores, Kuder-Richardson 20 or Cronbach's Alpha reliability index, and the standard error of measurement.\n\nNBS provides clients with a variety of cut score options.  NBS provides normative data that may be used as a benchmark as well as criterion-referenced cut scores for each of its job ready assessments.  Clients also have the option of setting their own cut scores on the assessments."},"ceterms:scoringMethodDescription":{"en-US":"Written assessments consist of a multiple-choice format with four options per item and one correct answer.   Some items may contain graphics that must be referred to in order to answer an item.  Others may provide a scenario to assist in selecting the correct answer.  \n\nEach multiple-choice item is worth one point.  If an individual answers an item correctly, one point is given.  If an individual answers an item incorrectly, no points are given.  All items that are not answered are counted as incorrect.  Scores are calculated by standard area and by total.  Standard scores are determined by dividing the number of questions answered correctly by the number possible within the standard.  Standard scores are considered weighted because each standard does not contain the same number of questions.  Scores are represented by percentages.  A total score is calculated by dividing the total number of questions answered correctly across all standard areas by the total number of points possible across standard areas.\n\nPerformance assessments consist of a series of tasks that make up a job. Individuals are required to complete jobs based on instructions provided.  Individual performance is rated by evaluators using specific criteria provided in the assessment's evaluator guide. The evaluator selects the rating that best defines the work being completed.\n\nPerformance scores are based on independent third-party evaluators who are recruited by each of the testing locations.  Each standard within the performance test is considered to be a job. Jobs within the performance assessment consist of tasks normally performed in that occupation. Each task has a point value assigned to it. The point value is determined by the committee of subject matter experts who developed the assessment and indicates the level of criticality of that task. The sum of the point values for each task provides a total number of points possible for a job.  The test taker's methods and adeptness of delivery (process) as well as the finished project (product) are evaluated."},"ceterms:processStandardsDescription":{"en-US":"The Testing Standards are a product of the American Educational Research Association, the American Psychological Association (APA), and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME). Published collaboratively by the three organizations since 1966, it represents the gold standard in guidance on testing in the United States and in many other countries."},"ceterms:verificationMethodDescription":{"en-US":"A key strength of all NBS assessments concerns content validity. That validity is based upon the fact that each assessment is built upon national/industry standards and reflects the critical core competencies required in the occupation as reflected in associated job-task analyses performed during the development/revision process. Since NBS's assessment development methods rely on subject matter experts to assess the relationship between the assessment content and the defined universe of the job title, NBS assessments are a content valid measure of the required skills in a given job title. The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) state that content-related evidence demonstrates the degree to which the sample of items, tasks, or questions on a test are representative of some defined universe or domain of content. The methods often rely on expert judgments to assess this relationship. Thus, the content validity of NBS Assessments is in accordance with the Standards endorsed by the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).\n\nThe reliability of an assessment refers to its consistency of measurement (i.e., the absence of measurement errors). NBS works to ensure that all of the assessments that we create have a stable and consistent performance of measurement. One approach used to demonstrate that an assessment is providing a reliable measurement of participant skill and/or knowledge is internal consistency. This measure is often used with written (cognitive) assessments and is calculated using a statistical software package such as SPSS or item analysis programs; NBS utilizes both types of programs.  The higher the internal consistency the more reliable the assessment.\n\nInter-rater reliability for the performance test is assessed by having two evaluators independently score the same individual on the same performance test. If significant differences are determined, the score criteria of the performance test will be re-defined and strengthened to eliminate scoring differences and to ensure inter-rater reliability."},"ceterms:scoringMethodExampleDescription":{"en-US":"NBS's standard score report package includes individual, group, and comparative reports. Along with total scores, the sub-scores included in the report assist in easily identifying student and program gains as well as areas for improvement."}}],"ceterms:credentialStatusType":{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/CredentialStatus","ceterms:targetNode":"credentialStat:Active","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"Credential Status"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Active"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"Awards of the credential are ongoing."}},"ceterms:administrationProcess":[{"@type":"ceterms:ProcessProfile","ceterms:description":{"en-US":"NBS assessments  are delivered in an online format.  Assessments are used to measure certain aspects of occupational competence such as factual knowledge and theoretical knowledge. NBS assessments must be administered in a proctored environment.  Paper-based administration is available upon request."},"ceterms:jurisdiction":[{"@type":"ceterms:JurisdictionProfile","ceterms:description":{"en-US":"This credential is available throughout North America."},"ceterms:mainJurisdiction":[{"@type":"ceterms:Place","ceterms:geoURI":"http://geonames.org/6255149/","ceterms:latitude":46.07323,"ceterms:longitude":-100.54688}],"ceterms:globalJurisdiction":false}],"ceterms:dateEffective":"2012-09-01","ceterms:processMethod":"https://www.noctibusiness.com/","ceterms:subjectWebpage":"https://www.noctibusiness.com/","ceterms:processingAgent":["https://credentialengineregistry.org/resources/ce-a7f6202e-070b-462c-ab05-e5dc1d9f21f9"],"ceterms:processFrequency":{"en-US":"Administration frequency is determined by the testing site."},"ceterms:processStandards":"https://www.noctibusiness.com/","ceterms:targetAssessment":["https://credentialengineregistry.org/resources/ce-8175e1e8-26a0-49ab-ba4b-5c76d6cdd7c1"],"ceterms:externalInputType":[{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Business","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Business"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by business."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:BusinessAssociation","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Business or Industry Association"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by business or industry association."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:EducationAdministrators","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Education Administrators"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by education administrators."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Governments","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Governments"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by government."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Practitioners","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Practitioners"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by practitioners."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Associations","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Professional Associations"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by professional associations."}},{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://credreg.net/ctdl/terms/ExternalInput","ceterms:targetNode":"inputType:Experts","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"External Input"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Subject Matter Experts"},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"External stakeholder review, guidance or recommendations by subject matter experts."}}],"ceterms:scoringMethodExample":"https://nocti.org/services/reporting-and-data/","ceterms:processMethodDescription":{"en-US":"Administration occurs at an approved NBS testing site in a proctored environment."},"ceterms:scoringMethodDescription":{"en-US":"Written assessments consist of a multiple-choice format with four options per item and one correct answer.   Some items may contain graphics that must be referred to in order to answer an item.  Others may provide a scenario to assist in selecting the correct answer.  \n\nEach multiple-choice item is worth one point.  If an individual answers an item correctly, one point is given.  If an individual answers an item incorrectly, no points are given.  All items that are not answered are counted as incorrect.  Scores are calculated by standard area and by total.  Standard scores are determined by dividing the number of questions answered correctly by the number possible within the standard.  Standard scores are considered weighted because each standard does not contain the same number of questions.  Scores are represented by percentages.  A total score is calculated by dividing the total number of questions answered correctly across all standard areas by the total number of points possible across standard areas.\n\nPerformance assessments consist of a series of tasks that make up a job. Individuals are required to complete jobs based on instructions provided.  Individual performance is rated by evaluators using specific criteria provided in the assessment's evaluator guide. The evaluator selects the rating that best defines the work being completed.\n\nPerformance scores are based on independent third-party evaluators who are recruited by each of the testing locations.  Each standard within the performance test is considered to be a job. Jobs within the performance assessment consist of tasks normally performed in that occupation. Each task has a point value assigned to it. The point value is determined by the committee of subject matter experts who developed the assessment and indicates the level of criticality of that task. The sum of the point values for each task provides a total number of points possible for a job.  The test taker's methods and adeptness of delivery (process) as well as the finished project (product) are evaluated."},"ceterms:processStandardsDescription":{"en-US":"Administration procedures are proprietary and are accessible to testing sites through a password-protected user interface."},"ceterms:verificationMethodDescription":{"en-US":"A key strength of all NBS assessments concerns content validity. That validity is based upon the fact that each assessment is built upon national/industry standards and reflects the critical core competencies required in the occupation as reflected in associated job-task analyses performed during the development/revision process. Since NBS's assessment development methods rely on subject matter experts to assess the relationship between the assessment content and the defined universe of the job title, NBS assessments are a content valid measure of the required skills in a given job title. The Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing (2014) state that content-related evidence demonstrates the degree to which the sample of items, tasks, or questions on a test are representative of some defined universe or domain of content. The methods often rely on expert judgments to assess this relationship. Thus, the content validity of NBS Assessments is in accordance with the Standards endorsed by the American Educational Research Association (AERA), the American Psychological Association (APA) and the National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME).\n\nThe reliability of an assessment refers to its consistency of measurement (i.e., the absence of measurement errors). NBS works to ensure that all of the assessments that we create have a stable and consistent performance of measurement. One approach used to demonstrate that an assessment is providing a reliable measurement of participant skill and/or knowledge is internal consistency. This measure is often used with written (cognitive) assessments and is calculated using a statistical software package such as SPSS or item analysis programs; NBS utilizes both types of programs.  The higher the internal consistency the more reliable the assessment.\n\nInter-rater reliability for the performance test is assessed by having two evaluators independently score the same individual on the same performance test. If significant differences are determined, the score criteria of the performance test will be re-defined and strengthened to eliminate scoring differences and to ensure inter-rater reliability."},"ceterms:scoringMethodExampleDescription":{"en-US":"NBS's standard score report package includes individual, group, and comparative reports. Along with total scores, the sub-scores included in the report assist in easily identifying student and program gains as well as areas for improvement."}}],"ceterms:instructionalProgramType":[{"@type":"ceterms:CredentialAlignmentObject","ceterms:framework":"https://nces.ed.gov/ipeds/cipcode/cipdetail.aspx?y=55","ceterms:codedNotation":"52.0401","ceterms:frameworkName":{"en-US":"Classification of Instructional Programs"},"ceterms:targetNodeName":{"en-US":"Administrative Assistant and Secretarial Science, General."},"ceterms:targetNodeDescription":{"en-US":"A program that generally prepares individuals to perform the duties of administrative assistants and/or secretaries and stenographers. Includes instruction in business communications, principles of business law, word processing and data entry, office machines operation and maintenance, office procedures, public relations, secretarial accounting, filing systems and records management, and report preparation."}}],"ceterms:processStandardsDescription":{"en-US":"NBS assessments are not developed to reflect any one particular curriculum but rather are reflective of the critical core competencies required in a particular occupation.  The assessments are based on national and industry standards and are developed using a job and task analysis process, which includes representatives from industry and both secondary and post-secondary education.  In some cases, core competencies are representative of standards determined by a recognized industry-based association.  In these cases, subject matter experts are selected from that industry."}}